7 reasons why titanium is difficult to machine

Titanium is currently favored for its excellent weight-to-strength ratio (3 times that of steel), corrosion resistance, histocompatibility, and excellent high temperature performance. Aerospace titanium machining parts are particularly popular because they are lightweight and strong. However, there are many difficulties in titanium machining, here are 7 points why titanium machining is so difficult.

 


1. Titanium maintains high strength even at high temperatures and its resistance to plastic deformation even at cutting speeds. This enables far greater cutting forces than any steel.

2. When the chip is formed, it is very thin, and the contact area between the chip and the tool is three times smaller than that of steel. Therefore, the tip of the tool must withstand almost all cutting forces.

3. Titanium alloy has a high friction coefficient for tool materials. This increases cutting temperature and force.

4. Titanium reacts chemically with most tool materials at temperatures over 500 degrees Celsius. Titanium is prone to spontaneous combustion when cutting if the heat buildup is too high, so the use of coolant is an absolute must when cutting titanium alloys.

5. Due to the small contact area and thin chips, all the heat in the cutting process is transferred to the tool, which greatly reduces the life of the tool. Only high pressure coolant can keep up with the heat buildup.

6. Titanium alloys have very low elastic modulus. This introduces additional vibration, tool chatter and deflection.

7. At low cutting speeds, the material will stick to the cutting edge, which is extremely detrimental to the surface finish.

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